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The seven-layer
standard model for network architecture is the basis for defining network protocol standards
and the way that data passes through the network. Each layer specifies particular network
functions; the highest layer is closest to the user, and the lowest layer is closest to the
media carrying the information. So, in a given message between users, there will be a flow
of data through each layer at one end down through the layers in that computer and, at the
other end, when the message arrives, another flow of data up through the layers in the
receiving computer and ultimately to the end user or program. This model is used worldwide
for teaching and implementing networking protocols.